Literals in C (Part 2)

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In this chapter we shall take some example programs. These programs are based on the concept of literals and conversions, but some of the programs are general programs also. The level is of an absolute beginner. These programs are not discussed in the video tutorial for this chapter.

Integer to hexadecimal Conversion

Ask the user to enter a number. Write code to display the hexadecimal equivalent of that number. Do it using both printf and cout.

 
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std; 
 
int main() 
{
    
    cout << " Enter a number " ;
 
    int numb; 
 
    cin >> numb;
 
    cout << hex << numb << endl;
 
    printf( "%x", numb );
 
    return 0 ;
 
}

float to integer Conversion

Write a program to convert a float into integer.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std ;
 
int main()
{ 
 
    float num1 = 20.56f;
     
    int num2 = (int)num1; 
     
    cout << "Float number is = " << num1 << endl;
     
    cout << "integer number is = " << num2 ; 
     
    return 0 ;
 
}

integer to float conversion

Write a program to convert integer to float

Ex. int = 9635 Ans. 9635.0000 

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std; 
 
int main()
{ 
 
    int num1 = 9635;
     
    float num2 = num1;
     
    printf( " Float number is = %f\n", num2 );
     
    cout << " float using cout is = " << num2;
     
    return 0;
 
}

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion

Write a program to convert °C to °F temperature.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std ;
 
int main() 
{ 
 
    cout << " enter the temp in celsius = ";
     
    float temp; 
     
    cin >> temp ; 
     
    float fahrenheit = ( (temp * 9.0f ) / 5.0f ) + 32.0f;
     
    printf("Temp in fahrenheit = %f ", fahrenheit);
     
    return 0 ;
     
}

Hexadecimal to integer conversion

Write a program to convert hexadecimal number into base 10 integer

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main() 
{ 
 
    int numb1 = 0xC;
     
    int numb2 = 0xF;
     
    cout << numb1 << endl;
     
    cout << numb2 << endl;
     
    return 0 ; 
 
}

Character to ascii code conversion

Write a program to convert a character into its ASCII Code

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std ;
 
int main() 
{
    
    char var1;
 
    printf("Enter character: ");
 
    cin >> var1; 
     
    printf("You entered = %c\n", var1); 
 
    printf("ASCII value of = %d", var1); 
 
    return 0;
 
}

Integer to octal conversion

Write a program to convert integer into octal

 
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main() 
{
    
    int k = 14;
    
    cout << oct << k << endl;
    
    printf( "%o", k );
    
    return 0;
 
}

Escape sequences

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main() 
{
    
    cout << "Name\tid\tsalry" << endl;
    
    cout << "shivalik\t0123\t5000" << endl;
    
    printf("hoven\t011\t9000\n");
    
    printf("trainings\t015\t8500\n");
    
     return 0;
 
}

Truncation of float value

Write a program to truncate float value into integer. Take float x = 45.920F.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main() 
{
    
    float x = 45.920F;
    
    int i = (int) x ;
    
    cout << "Before truncatoin =" << x << endl;
    
    cout << "After truncation =" << i << endl;
    
    return 0;
 
}

Printf format specifiers

Write a program to print int ,unsigned int , float , hexadecimal , octal data types. Use printf.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    
    printf("First number: %d\n", 12345);    
    
    printf("Second number: %d\n", 25); // %d and %i are exactly same when used in printf
    
    printf("Third number: %i\n", 1234);        
    
    printf("Float number: %3.2f\n", 3.14159); // % 3.2f minimum 3 digit wide total and maximum 2 digit precision 
    
    printf("Hexadecimal: %x\n", 255);
    
    printf("Octal: %o\n", 255);
    
    printf("Unsigned value: %u\n", 150);
    
    return 0;
    
}

Different variables of same datatype

Write a program using int, unsigned int, signed int. For this you can create variables of these types and display them.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    
    unsigned int num1 = 1234; // unsigned only be a positive
        
    signed int num2 = -5678; // signed may be positive or negtive
        
    int num3= 9870;        // int also be a positive or negtive
        
    cout << num1 << endl;
        
    cout << num2 << endl;
        
    cout << num3 << endl;
    
    return 0;
    
}

Constants

Write a program using const keyword in c. For this you have to create a variable called height, and mark it as constant. Similarly, create a const float and a const char variables also. Please note that when you try to change constant values after defining in C program, it will give error.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    
    const int height = 100;        /* int constant */
    
    const float number = 3.14;    /* Real constant */
    
    const char letter = 'A';    /* char constant */
    
    printf("value of height : %d \n", height );
    
    printf("value of number : %f \n", number );
    
    printf("value of letter : %c \n", letter );    
    
    return 0;
    
}

Casting

Write a program that demonstrates the casting a char to an int.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    
    char my_char = 'A';
    
    // automatic casting occurs, because no loss of accuracy
    int my_int = my_char;
    
    printf("value of %c is %d " ,my_char, my_int);
        
    return 0;
    
}

Use of ++ , --

Write a program to show use of increment and decrement with example.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    
    
    int a = 33;
     
    int b = 88;
    
    printf("Before increment a is = %d \n", a);
     
    printf("Before decrement b is = %d \n", b);
     
    a++;    // increment by 1
     
    b--;    // decrement by 1
     
    printf("After increment a is = %d \n", a);
     
    printf("After decrement b is = %d \n", b);
    
    return 0;
                           
}
         
            
        

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